{"id":10099,"date":"2019-07-04T10:25:54","date_gmt":"2019-07-04T18:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=10099"},"modified":"2019-07-03T13:26:53","modified_gmt":"2019-07-03T21:26:53","slug":"time-ultralearning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2019\/07\/04\/time-ultralearning\/","title":{"rendered":"You Do Have Time for Ultralearning"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/clock.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/clock.png 400w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/clock-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>One of the biggest misconceptions about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/ultralearning\/\">ultralearning<\/a> is that it\u2019s mostly about putting in a ton of hours towards a project in a short burst of time.<\/p>\n<p>On the surface, I can see why this impression would be misleading. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/my-projects\/\">My own projects<\/a> often involve a ton of hours towards a project in a short burst of time. Therefore, I can hardly be surprised when people think it\u2019s intrinsic to the method I\u2019m advocating.<\/p>\n<p>But the truth is that you can be an ultralearner even if you only have a few hours per week you can devote to learning something new.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aggressiveness \u00e2\u2030\u00a0 80-Hours per Week<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/hours-vs-efficiency.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/hours-vs-efficiency.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/hours-vs-efficiency-300x153.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>I define ultralearning as aggressive, self-directed learning. This puts it in contrast with much of what we think about education. Schools, where you are told what to learn, how to learn it, and often don\u2019t really know why, are the major difference.<\/p>\n<p>However, typical self-education is also not ultralearning because it\u2019s not aggressive. It\u2019s playing on DuoLingo to learn a language, instead of something that actually works. Dabbling instead of really thinking hard about the right way to acquire skills.<\/p>\n<p>The problem, however, is that when I say \u201caggressive\u201d it often just looks like I\u2019m saying \u201cgo do the same things you\u2019re doing now, but do them eighty hours a week until your brain turns to jello.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The truth is actually a lot more subtle.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Separates Ultralearning from How Most People Learn<\/h2>\n<p>Throughout my book, I argue that there are principles of learning which exhibit a common pattern: something that is hard to do, requiring more mental effort or being a bit scarier or more frustrating, is nonetheless more effective for learning than something easy.<\/p>\n<p>That this happens again and again in cognitive science could just be a coincidence. After all, it could have been that the easiest thing is always the best thing for learning and that avoiding frustration, difficulty and effort were the keys to learning well. That it doesn\u2019t appear to be this way in reality is an interesting observation in and of itself.<\/p>\n<p>There are some good examples of where a more difficult method works better than an attractive, easier option:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Retrieval<\/strong>, where you try to recall things from memory, is harder than review, where you merely look at the information over and over. It\u2019s also way more effective for later retention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Direct practice<\/strong>, where you learn by doing the thing you\u2019re trying to learn, prevents problems of transfer, which often occur in the sterilized learning environment where skills are taught abstractly, without connection to real life. This is often more difficult because doing the real thing is often more frustrating and scary than textbook alternatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Difficulty itself<\/strong> may be desirable in some contexts, where more difficult retrieval creates more durable memories (e.g. free recall vs cued recall).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Why it should be this way is an interesting question. One possibility is that sometimes the best learning method <em>is<\/em> the easiest and sometimes it is harder, somewhat at random. However, because we automatically gravitate towards the easiest things, I don\u2019t need to tell you what to do when the easiest method actually is the best. Therefore, the only purpose of books like mine is to point out the places where a harder method is actually better.<\/p>\n<p>Another possibility, which I take seriously, is that your brain always takes the path of least resistance. Learning is effortful and exhausting, and so when you can avoid learning, your brain will take that option, if possible. Effective learning tends to be harder, therefore, because it prevents you from taking the easier \u201cnot learning\u201d path that your brain might take in isolation of more stringent constraints.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/path-of-least-resistance.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/path-of-least-resistance.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/path-of-least-resistance-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Ultralearning Needn\u2019t Be a Full-Time Activity<\/h2>\n<p>Ultralearning, with its focus on aggressiveness, therefore is about seriously answering the question, \u201cwhat activities should I do to learn this well?\u201d Those activities are often more effortful than the default, but they are also more effective. This is what I\u2019m trying to advocate in encouraging ultralearning\u2014picking activities that actually let you learn and not filler ones that feel good but have no value.<\/p>\n<p>However, it\u2019s really important to stress, as I do in my book, that nowhere in my research did I find that doing these activities in an extremely concentrated burst is necessary. <\/p>\n<p>In fact, the opposite finding, that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2019\/02\/15\/memory\/#spacing\">spacing out learning over time<\/a> leads to greater long-term retention, is a fairly well established one in the psychological literature. Therefore, long-term habit-driven ultralearning projects are often even more useful than short-term intensive ones.<\/p>\n<p>I do think there are often some psychological benefits for intense, short-term projects if you can fit them in your schedule. The biggest one is that it\u2019s easier to maintain motivation to do hard things for one month than four years. And because the activity of ultralearning is difficult, and often necessarily so, shorter projects often a little easier to execute.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, some types of learning activites, such as immersion, often benefit from an all-or-nothing behavior change, which lends itself for intense short-term projects. My <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/myprojects\/the-year-without-english-2\/\">Year Without English<\/a> project would have been harder (although still doable) if I was only doing immersion for a few hours per week.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How You Should Approach Ultralearning in Your Own Life<\/h2>\n<p>The right way to think about ultralearning is at the level of what you\u2019re actually doing while you learn. Whether those \u201cultralearning activites\u201d take place over an intense, full-time project, or a leisurely, spread-out one, is just a matter of your schedule.<\/p>\n<p>In any moment when learning, you have many options for choosing what to do to learn. Choose the activities wisely, and you can learn more effectively. Sometimes, when the default path is usually terrible, you can learn much faster than the status-quo, even if you\u2019re not a genius. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the biggest misconceptions about ultralearning is that it\u2019s mostly about putting in a ton of hours towards a project in a short burst of time. On the surface, I can see why this impression would be misleading. My own projects often involve a ton of hours towards a project in a short burst [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[682],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10099","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-nc-learning","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>You Do Have Time for Ultralearning - Scott H Young<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ultralearning is something you can do with only a few hours per week. 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