{"id":11958,"date":"2020-06-15T10:59:26","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T18:59:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=11958"},"modified":"2020-07-31T05:32:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T13:32:21","slug":"narrow-success","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2020\/06\/15\/narrow-success\/","title":{"rendered":"The Surprisingly Narrow Path to Success"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I just finished the excellent, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Good-Work-You-Can-Get\/dp\/1421437961\">Good Work if You Can Get It<\/a>, by Jason Brennan. An insider\u2019s account into academia, the book shares what it takes to become a professor, backed by statistics.<\/p>\n<p>What jumped out at me from the book was how surprisingly narrow the path to becoming a professor at a good school actually is:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Of all the people who start a PhD program, about half will graduate. \u2026 [O]nly about 12.8% of all PhD graduates in the United States can ever hope to land a tenure-track job. \u2026 Of the 20% or so people who get a long-term job, around 6% will get a (somewhat) research-focused tenure-track job. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Cal Newport made a similar point in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2020\/05\/26\/cal-newport-podcast-100\/\">our recent podcast conversation<\/a> about his path to becoming an author:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Let\u2019s say you want to write non-fiction. There are a few things to know:<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>You don\u2019t write the book first.<\/strong> \u2026 That already goes against most people&#8217;s understanding. \u2026<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>You have to have the agent first.<\/strong> People don\u2019t like that. &#8230; But it\u2019s easier to get an agent than to get a book deal, so if you can\u2019t get an agent there\u2019s probably a problem there.<\/p>\n<p>3. For a first-time author, it has to be a topic that a lot of people are going to buy and <strong>you have to be the right person to write that book.<\/strong> \u2026<\/p>\n<p>When I got that information, I realized that the only way I could get into the publishing industry at the age of twenty was, \u201cWhat if I write a book for college kids?\u201d There\u2019s a big market. \u2026 There\u2019s a pitch to be made that these books should be written by someone who is in college, and I was a good student at a good school.<\/p>\n<p>It was this very narrow lane. One of the very few lanes I could have possibly gotten a book deal in.<\/p>\n<p>[emphasis added]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Narrow paths to success aren\u2019t limited to authors and academics, however. Legendary investor and entrepreneur Paul Graham <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/paulg\/status\/1269318167366680576\">argues the same<\/a>:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"594\" height=\"272\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/graham-quote-_-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11984\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/graham-quote-_-2.png 594w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/graham-quote-_-2-300x137.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/surprisingly-narrow_blog_2.png\" alt=\"The path to success is surprisingly narrow.\" class=\"wp-image-11973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/surprisingly-narrow_blog_2.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/surprisingly-narrow_blog_2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/surprisingly-narrow_blog_2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Creates a Narrow Path for Success?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inline-podcast\">\n<small>Listen to this article<\/small><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/865268716&#038;color=%23219895&#038;inverse=false&#038;auto_play=false&#038;show_user=true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>The narrow path to success in many fields is a fact many of us don\u2019t want to face. Instead, we want stories of rare misfits who manage to beat the odds.<\/p>\n<p>But to beat the odds, you first have to understand the game you&#8217;re playing. <\/p>\n<p>Why is success so narrow? I can see three explanations, none mutually exclusive:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Elite achievement is really, really hard.<\/h3>\n<p>Beating the top 1% isn\u2019t just <em>harder<\/em> than beating the average\u2014it\u2019s <em>different<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>To do better than average, effort OR talent OR strategy is often enough. To be in the top strata of many fields requires flipping all those ORs to ANDs.<\/p>\n<p>What is meant by &#8220;success&#8221; is ambiguous. Sometimes you\u2019re competing against the average. A programmer or accountant needs to be good enough to earn a living. A livable income as an author means being in the top 1% of people who have ever written books. Fundamentally different games to play.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"595\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AND-not-OR_blog_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11988\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AND-not-OR_blog_2.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AND-not-OR_blog_2-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AND-not-OR_blog_2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Skills are narrow, not wide. Substitutes to the real thing don\u2019t matter as much as you\u2019d think.<\/h3>\n<p>If success depends on skill, and skills are largely narrow (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2020\/04\/01\/skills-that-matter\/\">which they are<\/a>), then the path to success is similarly narrow.<\/p>\n<p>Many domains have obstacles to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2020\/05\/04\/do-the-real-thing\/\">doing the real thing<\/a>. These can be structural (it\u2019s hard to do the real work when you\u2019re excluded from where it\u2019s being done). These can be psychological (real stuff is scary and hard; it\u2019s more comfortable to do something fake instead).<\/p>\n<p>Specific results don&#8217;t come from general efforts. The smaller the target, the more carefully you need to aim.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/skills-are-narrow_blog_2.png\" alt=\"Skills are narrow, not wide.\" class=\"wp-image-11977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/skills-are-narrow_blog_2.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/skills-are-narrow_blog_2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/skills-are-narrow_blog_2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Signaling filters create conformity. Stacked sequentially, they become a straight-jacket.<\/h3>\n<p>What authors, academics and start-up entrepreneurs have in common is that you need other people to believe in you. Hiring committees decide who gets tenure. Editors decide who gets published. Investors need to believe you\u2019ll make them money.<\/p>\n<p>Now, suppose gatekeepers filter using a few hard-to-fake signals of quality. Knowing they will do this, however, candidates rush to develop those signals. This, in turn, makes those signals even more reliable. (This is why a Nobel Prize signals more than winning 1st place at a science fair\u2014more competition makes it more reliable.)<\/p>\n<p>This creates a feedback cycle where candidates get judged on narrower criteria than they might otherwise.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/signaling-filters-conformity_blog_2.png\" alt=\"Signaling filters can create conformity.\" class=\"wp-image-11980\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/signaling-filters-conformity_blog_2.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/signaling-filters-conformity_blog_2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/signaling-filters-conformity_blog_2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Add to this the need for gatekeepers to justify their picks (to bosses, colleagues), throw in a little risk-aversion, and those credentials go from useful to mandatory. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/ibm\/history\/ibm100\/us\/en\/icons\/personalcomputer\/words\/\">Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM<\/a>,\u201d but turned into an iron rule of advancement.<\/p>\n<p>Noticing this truth isn\u2019t to justify it. You and I may agree that we\u2019d be better off in a world where eclectic candidates can rise more readily, where competition isn\u2019t as cutthroat or where skills generalize more widely. But given the tightrope ahead, how should you walk it?<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Walk the Tightrope<\/h2>\n<p>The best advice is to learn the path early and hew to it closely. Ask people who\u2019ve walked it before. Notice what matters to people calling the shots.<\/p>\n<p>Be creative in your work, not the path. If you have an idea to pitch\u2014write it into a business plan, not slam poetry.<\/p>\n<p>Ironically, more creative work tends to have more conformist paths. Creative work can rarely be measured by a universal yardstick. Thus gatekeepers lean more on signals instead. Artists, academics and authors may be in the business of original ideas, but their paths forward are more constrained than most.<\/p>\n<p>I got an email from a would-be author upset at Cal Newport\u2019s advice. <em>Why do I have to do it that way?<\/em> Surely if I write a great book, publishers will consider it even if it\u2019s more typical to get an agent and proposal first? <\/p>\n<p>This is optimistic. As Brennan notes, the last time their department offered a tenure-track position they got five hundred applications. The average time reading each? Twenty seconds. <\/p>\n<p>The existence of exceptions isn\u2019t a good reason to ignore the rule. If your brilliance doesn&#8217;t shine through at a glance, few will gaze deeper.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/genius-overlooked_blog.png\" alt=\"Genius that doesn't shine gets overlooked.\" class=\"wp-image-11999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/genius-overlooked_blog.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/genius-overlooked_blog-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/genius-overlooked_blog-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What if You\u2019ve Lost Your Way?<\/h2>\n<p>What if you\u2019ve already strayed from the perfect path? What should you do?<\/p>\n<p>The first step is to ask yourself if you\u2019re willing to get back on track. Watch out for sunk costs. Just because you\u2019ve walked far in the wrong direction doesn\u2019t mean you should keep going.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re able, you may just need a course correction. Grad student who has been neglecting research? There\u2019s still time to fix it. Would-be author who already wrote the book\u2014back up a step, find an agent and write a proposal instead. Start-up in a bad market? Time to pivot.<\/p>\n<p>For others, they may be better off picking a new destination entirely. This can be hard to hear. The student who dreams of being a professor may be disappointed that grads from her department never find teaching jobs. Plan to turn before your path heads off a cliff.<\/p>\n<p>The best time to realize you\u2019ve gone down the wrong path is before you begin. The second best time is today.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/turn-back_blog.png\" alt=\"The best time to realize you've gone down the wrong path is before you begin. The second best time is today.\" class=\"wp-image-12000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/turn-back_blog.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/turn-back_blog-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/turn-back_blog-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Path is Narrow, The Possibilities are Vast<\/h2>\n<p>We overestimate how much we can hit a specific target with a general effort. But we underestimate how many targets there are to aim at.<\/p>\n<p>You\u2019re never starting from scratch. Wherever you are, there are many possibilities within reach. All that\u2019s required is to recognize the path ahead and stick to it.<\/p>\n<p>Getting a book deal is narrow. But there\u2019s self-publishing, blogs, newsletters and writing for magazines. Becoming a tenured research professor is narrow. But there\u2019s jobs in industry, teaching, consulting and beyond. The path to the pinnacle of each is precise, but there\u2019s an entire mountain range to choose from.<\/p>\n<p>The path may be narrower than you think. But the destinations are more numerous than you can imagine.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/narrow-path-endless-destinations_blog.png\" alt=\"Narrow paths, endless possibilities.\" class=\"wp-image-11982\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/narrow-path-endless-destinations_blog.png 600w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/narrow-path-endless-destinations_blog-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/narrow-path-endless-destinations_blog-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I just finished the excellent, Good Work if You Can Get It, by Jason Brennan. An insider\u2019s account into academia, the book shares what it takes to become a professor, backed by statistics. What jumped out at me from the book was how surprisingly narrow the path to becoming a professor at a good school [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11958","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-personal-development","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Surprisingly Narrow Path to Success - Scott H Young<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reaching a goal requires precision, a general effort won&#039;t do. 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