{"id":14423,"date":"2022-08-19T08:13:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T16:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=14423"},"modified":"2022-08-16T17:31:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T01:31:00","slug":"im-34","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/08\/19\/im-34\/","title":{"rendered":"I&#8217;m 34"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today is my birthday. For the last seventeen years, I\u2019ve been sharing a birthday post with personal reflections, and I\u2019ll continue the tradition today.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/birthday-cake.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/birthday-cake.png 400w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/birthday-cake-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>My wife and I did our part in contributing to inflation by buying a house this year. Timing-wise it could have been a little better. We made our offer right before the market fell\u2014yet before we cashed out our investments for the downpayment. That, on top of the general ridiculousness of our local real-estate market, made the experience a little stressful.<\/p>\n<p>That said, it feels nice to move into a place that we own. I\u2019ve lived in small apartments in downtown Vancouver for over a decade. While it was fun while I was in my twenties, it started to feel a bit cramped with a growing family. On top of the extra space, it\u2019s nice not to worry that we might need to move again in a few years.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Writing Challenges<\/h2>\n<p>The past year was a difficult one for me creatively. Almost a year ago, I pitched a follow-up book to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/ultralearning\/\">Ultralearning<\/a> to my publisher. Shortly after, I found out the research I had wanted to use to support the book looked unreliable. This put me in an awkward position of having a book deal but not being entirely sure what to write.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, my publisher graciously gave me an extra six months to organize an alternative. Still, the overall experience was frustrating as creating a book that\u2019s true, useful, interesting and which I\u2019m capable of writing can be quite tricky.<\/p>\n<p>Nearly a year later, I have the beginnings of a book I\u2019m happy with, but the writing is still challenging. I\u2019m cautiously optimistic that I will be able to write a good follow-on book to <em>Ultralearning<\/em>, but it will still be a lot of work.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading Way Too Many Books<\/h2>\n<p>A positive side-effect of my writing headaches was that I ended up doing way more research. This is the fun part of writing a book. <\/p>\n<p>I dug much deeper into foundational cognitive science than I would normally for an advice book. Foundational stuff tends to be both dense and somewhat removed from practice. At the same time, I\u2019ve come to appreciate it as a tool for evaluating advice.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s hard to judge if an approach makes sense without having some theoretical underpinnings. This is especially true in an area like learning, where a lot of the empirical research is fairly poor, so you get mushy \u201ceverything works\u201d research as well as biting \u201cnothing works\u201d rejoinders.<\/p>\n<p>I did write three longer articles surveying <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/02\/15\/act-r\/\">ACT-R theory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/01\/04\/cognitive-load-theory\/\">cognitive load theory<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/02\/22\/understanding-ci\/\">Construction-Integration<\/a>. I also read a lot on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Situated_learning\">situated learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_instruction\">Direct Instruction<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Connectionism\">connectionism<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constructivism_(philosophy_of_education)\">constructivism<\/a>, apprenticeship, and educational theory. I\u2019m still far from an expert, but I feel like I understand the basic positions of the different camps, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments.<\/p>\n<p>I always enjoy learning, so this part was fun, although it would have been a little less stressful if I hadn\u2019t been doing most of it while also under a book deadline. In the future, I\u2019ll be sure to separate exploratory and foundational learning from the targeted research I need to do to produce tangible output.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolving My Thinking About Learning<\/h2>\n<p>Going deeper into these foundational topics also shifted my beliefs about learning in a few different ways.<\/p>\n<p>One major shift was recognizing the importance of having examples to learn from. I think I downplayed this a little too much in <em>Ultralearning<\/em>, as I mostly took it for granted that you\u2019d be able to find examples. I had no trouble finding examples for the classes I took during the MIT Challenge. And finding word lists and grammar explanations for languages is easy. In both cases, it\u2019s doing the actual practice that\u2019s hard.<\/p>\n<p>However, my deep dive into the research on cognitive load theory and direct instruction suggests that a lack of examples is actually a significant bottleneck to proficiency. People fail to learn complex skills like programming, painting or calculus because nobody breaks it down enough for them to get a foothold. Instead, they flop around trying to figure things out in a way that\u2019s often inefficient and frustrating.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve also updated my views on cognitive science. I started studying the subject when the deep learning craze was in full swing, so I tended to see older, symbol-processing approaches as an anachronism. Didn\u2019t neuroscientists show that the people who thought the mind was like a serial computer were simply wrong? Isn\u2019t learning just the result of complex neural networks, trained via backpropagation and reinforcement learning?<\/p>\n<p>Going through the research, I now see that the two views are more complementary than I had previously realized. While at the low level, many computational neural processes resemble the kinds of machine learning algorithms used by Google and DeepMind, conscious thought is probably both serial and symbolic.<\/p>\n<p>By symbolic, I don\u2019t mean that the brain is literally moving little tokens that represent things around in the brain, but simply that we can learn patterns with variables in them. If I understand the pattern, \u201c1 -&gt; 1\u201d, \u201c2 -&gt; 2\u201d, and \u201c3 -&gt; 3\u201d, I easily generalize that to \u201c4 -&gt; 4\u201d or \u201c2000 -&gt; 2000\u201d. This generalization requires the representation of knowledge to be more like \u201cx -&gt; x\u201d than a simple memorization of fixed patterns.<\/p>\n<p>So, the prior course of my thinking was closer to constructivism for education (skill learning is mostly doing, not reading or watching) and eliminative connectionism for cognition (learning is just neural weights, there\u2019s nothing like rules or variables in the head). Now my views are closer to direct instruction (looping between examples and practice) and the vision of cognition espoused in theories like ACT-R.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Future Plans<\/h2>\n<p>The next several months will be a real push to finish my book on deadline. I could probably spend my whole life just reading books and thinking about them. Still, I\u2019ve read enough in this area that I\u2019m (hopefully) confident it\u2019s time to assemble it into a book.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll probably share more about the book as it gets closer. I haven\u2019t yet landed on a title, but the core idea is related to the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/04\/21\/see-do-feedback\/\">see, do, feedback<\/a>\u201d posts I\u2019ve written. I generally prefer books that are dense with ideas, and I expect the finished edition will try to explain what I\u2019ve learned about how people get good at things in a way that complements my previous book, <em>Ultralearning<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>While I\u2019m optimistic about the writing, I\u2019m also aware it will probably be a bit stressful. Before becoming a father, I used to handle intensive projects by pouring on extra time. That\u2019s now a lot costlier, so I need to be efficient\u2014and clear-eyed about what things I can\u2019t do\u2014if I\u2019m going to reach the finish line on time.<\/p>\n<p>The past year definitely had more stresses than I would like, and it seems likely to repeat in the coming year. I\u2019m not sure there\u2019s a profound insight here; most of the stress is simply due to projects evolving in ways I didn\u2019t expect when I committed to them. However, it may also be that I\u2019m sticking to a success script that worked for me in my twenties when it needs some editing for the next phase of my life.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these difficulties, I\u2019m incredibly grateful. Being able to spend my time learning things and (hopefully) sharing them in a way that other people find useful and interesting is a profound privilege. At times, I feel a bit guilty for being stressed out, recognizing that I\u2019ve already got my dream job. Of course, this is only possible because of readers like you. So thanks for listening to me for another year. Hopefully you\u2019ve enjoyed the writing!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reflections on the past year&#8211;home buying, writing struggles and evolving my thinking about learning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14423","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-personal-development","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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