{"id":14589,"date":"2022-11-22T07:51:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T15:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=14589"},"modified":"2022-11-21T04:22:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:22:06","slug":"method-or-motivation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/11\/22\/method-or-motivation\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Matters More: Method or Motivation?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2022\/11\/20\/learning-to-learn\/\"> previous essay<\/a> in this series, I complained about how we were never taught how learning works. As a result, we often guess at which methods to use when studying. Sometimes, we guess badly.<\/p>\n<p>To illustrate, here\u2019s a question for you: when studying for a test, which matters more, the method you use, or how motivated you are to learn the material?<\/p>\n<p>That question is a bit vague, so let\u2019s make it more concrete. Suppose I read out loud to you a list of words. Now imagine I gave you one of two techniques to use: hearing each word and asking whether it contained the letter \u201ce\u201d or asking whether the word felt pleasant or not.<\/p>\n<p>Now suppose I tested you under two conditions: in one condition I told you that immediately after I read the words, I&#8217;d test how many you remembered. In the other condition, I didn&#8217;t tell you about the test at all, I merely asked you to go through the two different procedures while hearing the words.<\/p>\n<p>Given the two conditions: different methods for learning or different amounts of motivation to study, which do you think made a bigger difference on test performance?<\/p>\n<p>The answer <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1970-03138-001\">may be surprising<\/a>: only the method mattered, motivation didn\u2019t matter much at all.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Rapid-Learner-L2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why We Deceive Ourselves About What Works When Learning<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inline-podcast\">\n<small>Listen to this article<\/small><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/1382798422%3Fsecret_token%3Ds-EZBxF6LSwn1&#038;color=%23219895&#038;inverse=false&#038;auto_play=false&#038;show_user=true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Perhaps, you might be thinking, this test isn\u2019t a fair one. After all, having lots of motivation often leads to using better studying methods. It also determines how much time you spend studying. After all, if you aren\u2019t motivated, you probably won\u2019t buckle down and learn the material.<\/p>\n<p>This is true. But if the above experiment surprised you, perhaps you should question how \u201cobvious\u201d many other pieces of studying lore are.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, students frequently misjudge the efficacy of their studying. In an experiment by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/science.1199327\">Jeffrey Karpicke and Janell Blunt<\/a>, they asked students to read a passage and study with one of four different techniques: concept mapping, repeated reading, single reading and free recall. Before being tested, they asked how well they thought they\u2019d do on the test.<\/p>\n<p>The students couldn\u2019t have been more wrong. The ones that used free recall thought they\u2019d perform worst, but actually performed best! Repeated reading (a common studying approach) doesn\u2019t work very well, but it leads to high confidence.<\/p>\n<p>How do we trick ourselves into using methods that don\u2019t work? Psychologist Robert Bjork explains this as a <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1997-39050-004\">quirk of how our minds work<\/a>. When we try to assess how well we\u2019ve learned something, we can\u2019t actually see the neural rewiring taking place. Instead, we can only gauge how easy it is to think about the material. This ease is often correlated with learning\u2014think about knowledge of your favorite television show versus knowledge of quantum physics. So the heuristic of substituting ease for learning isn\u2019t always a bad one.<\/p>\n<p>Yet this heuristic works poorly when comparing studying techniques because the methods that feel harder often work better, as indicated in Karpicke and Blunt\u2019s study.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Going Beyond Guessing<\/h2>\n<p>We need to go beyond guessing in figuring out what works for learning. This is partly because our intuitions are often deceptive: we substitute ease of processing for depth of learning, and we make motivation all-important\u2014without recognizing that tons of motivation can\u2019t fix a lousy method.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, you need a system. You need to understand how learning works, and how you can make best use of your time to make a difference. If you\u2019re going to spend years of your life learning, you owe it to yourself to invest in a system to learn better.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Surprising results about what matters for learning from a famous study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14589","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-personal-development","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Which Matters More: Method or Motivation? 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