{"id":15078,"date":"2023-04-25T08:05:35","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T16:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=15078"},"modified":"2023-05-26T00:49:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T08:49:49","slug":"chatgpt-learning-obsolete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2023\/04\/25\/chatgpt-learning-obsolete\/","title":{"rendered":"No, ChatGPT Doesn\u2019t Mean You Don\u2019t Need to Learn Things"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019m finishing up a longer post incorporating some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2023\/04\/03\/chatgpt-studying-tips\/\">many useful and interesting suggestions<\/a> readers shared about how they use <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/chat\">ChatGPT<\/a> to learn languages, programming, mathematics and more. However, before I share that post, I\u2019d like to address a different question.<\/p>\n<p>One question a few readers have is whether ChatGPT will eliminate the need to learn things. After all, if you can easily ask the machine a question and it will spit out an expert-like answer, what\u2019s the point of getting students to write essays, memorize facts or try to remember a lot of knowledge?<\/p>\n<p>Like everyone, I\u2019m gobsmacked by the performance of large language models like ChatGPT and other forms of generative AI. That said, it\u2019s hard to predict things, <a href=\"https:\/\/quoteinvestigator.com\/2013\/10\/20\/no-predict\/\">especially about the future<\/a>. And I suspect the evolution of new AI tools is harder to predict than most things. We have poor intuitions about what sorts of problems machines can solve, and so the general discourse around AI as a field tends to swing between wild pessimism and optimism as we learn more about the path ahead.<\/p>\n<p>One thing I am reasonably confident predicting, however, is that LLMs won\u2019t make learning obsolete.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Learning Still Matters<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inline-podcast\">\n<small>Listen to this article<\/small><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/1521622480&#038;color=%23219895&#038;inverse=false&#038;auto_play=false&#038;show_user=true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>One reason I can feel confident about the continued value of learning is that while ChatGPT is novel, the kind of technological change it has brought about is not.<\/p>\n<p>Humans have been inventing technology that has replaced aspects of cognitive work for thousands of years. In every case, the result of that substitution was not a diminishing of the need for skills and knowledge\u2014but an increase.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the impact of writing. Human knowledge used to be transmitted orally. When writing became available, thinkers such as Socrates decried the damage it would do to people\u2019s memory. We no longer need to memorize speeches if the full text is written down.<\/p>\n<p>Or consider calculators, which have been widespread for decades. You probably have one on your smartphone. While they certainly eliminate the need to learn some skills (I have no idea how to use a slide rule, for instance), we still have to understand arithmetic to use a calculator to get the answer we seek, even if the machine does the actual computation.<\/p>\n<p>A robust finding in educational psychology is the importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Why-Knowledge-Matters-Rescuing-Educational\/dp\/1612509525\/ref=asc_df_1612509525\/?tag=googleshopc0c-20&amp;linkCode=df0&amp;hvadid=296035595995&amp;hvpos=&amp;hvnetw=g&amp;hvrand=17947244405290068344&amp;hvpone=&amp;hvptwo=&amp;hvqmt=&amp;hvdev=c&amp;hvdvcmdl=&amp;hvlocint=&amp;hvlocphy=9001551&amp;hvtargid=pla-464465047333&amp;psc=1\">background knowledge<\/a>. People who know more about a subject can understand and retain more of what they read. Knowledge outside your head doesn\u2019t count, since it can\u2019t participate in learning and reasoning.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, even if you use a calculator all the time, you understand math better when you first learn to do it by hand. Working through low-level calculations creates conceptual and procedural skills that build an intuitive sense for the underlying algorithms. While you can save effort by using a calculator, the intuition you gained from your initial learning helps you recognize if the calculation is correct and how to fix things when they go wrong.<\/p>\n<p>The ability to look something up is not a substitute for having knowledge in your head.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will ChatGPT Change What Knowledge Matters?<\/h2>\n<p>So perhaps we can safely reject the extreme position that learning will become obsolete. Won\u2019t LLMs change what <em>kind<\/em> of knowledge is worth learning?<\/p>\n<p>This is probably the case. But it\u2019s not obvious to me what the transition will be, and I don\u2019t think most people\u2019s intuitions on this are correct either.<\/p>\n<p>The gut reaction seems to be that since large language models can easily spit out an explanation to any question answerable within the sphere of well-documented human knowledge, LLMs devalue this kind of book learning.<\/p>\n<p>Even putting aside the hallucinations and failings of current LLMs and assuming engineers perfect the technology to the point where it rarely gets these questions wrong, I\u2019m not sure this intuition is correct.<\/p>\n<p>As mentioned in the research on background knowledge, your ability to ask a useful question and then understand an LLM\u2019s answer depends heavily on the knowledge you already possess. For instance, economist and polymath Tyler Cowen <a href=\"https:\/\/marginalrevolution.com\/marginalrevolution\/2023\/03\/what-is-the-single-best-way-of-improving-your-gpt-prompts.html\">argues<\/a> that asking an economics question to ChatGPT goes better if you ask it to answer in the style of Milton Friedman or Paul Krugman. Your own economics knowledge allows you to extract knowledge from the LLM more accurately.<\/p>\n<p>This isn\u2019t a new phenomenon. If the answers to all the world\u2019s questions were already on the Internet, but you didn\u2019t know where to look, they\u2019d be invisible to you.<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to the supposition that book learning will be less relevant, I suspect that it will be <em>more<\/em> important. The people who get the most programming help from ChatGPT are existing programmers\u2014since their knowledge allows them to ask well-formulated programming questions and accurately assess the results. LLMs may accelerate the need for knowledge, since the combination of [knowledgeable person + ChatGPT] will outperform [ignorant person + ChatGPT] by a wider margin than exists between the two people on their own.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Subjects\/Skills are Still Worth Learning?<\/h2>\n<p>A few people wrote to me wondering whether it even makes sense to learn second languages, programming, creative writing or art, given the ever-increasing powers of these applications.<\/p>\n<p>My feeling is that, on the whole, the value of these skills hasn\u2019t changed much. What will probably change is the differential value of mastery versus novice levels of various skills. There may be fewer professional opportunities available for mediocre programmers, writers, artists or translators. This kind of skill polarization has been going on for a long time, as I documented in my book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/ultralearning\/\">Ultralearning<\/a>. ChatGPT is just a continuation of current trends.<\/p>\n<p>But just as there\u2019s a diminished value for someone who can crank out stock art or kludge together a website, there\u2019s probably increased value for those sophisticated enough to use these tools in collaboration with their professional expertise.<\/p>\n<p>What if we get genuinely general artificial intelligence? An application so advanced it can perform any cognitive task better than a person, or indeed, better than a person in collaboration with a machine? Chess seems to provide an illustrative example, with top chess engines picking better moves than top players\u2014even those who have access to top chess engines.<\/p>\n<p>In the extreme case, all bets are off. Perhaps we\u2019ll live in a utopian future where machines do all the work and people do cognitive activities for leisure or showing off, much like gardening is a hobby, not agriculture. Or perhaps we\u2019ll all get <a href=\"https:\/\/cepr.org\/voxeu\/columns\/ai-and-paperclip-problem\">turned into paperclips<\/a>. Who knows?<\/p>\n<p>But, despite the uncertain long-term forecast, I\u2019m fairly confident that the short-to-medium-term impact of tools like ChatGPT will not be to devalue learning complex skills and knowledge, but will actually increase the value of these activities. As with other technological advances that have come before, it will be the quick and enthusiastic learners who reap the benefits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tools like ChatGPT can pass exams and do your homework. But that doesn&#8217;t mean there&#8217;s no point in learning new things.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15078","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-personal-development","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>No, ChatGPT Doesn\u2019t Mean You Don\u2019t Need to Learn Things - Scott H Young<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2023\/04\/25\/chatgpt-learning-obsolete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No, ChatGPT Doesn\u2019t Mean You Don\u2019t Need to Learn Things - Scott H Young\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tools like ChatGPT can pass exams and do your homework. 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