{"id":2708,"date":"2013-01-09T15:41:06","date_gmt":"2013-01-09T22:41:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=2708"},"modified":"2019-05-06T05:04:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-06T13:04:11","slug":"ideas-you-should-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2013\/01\/09\/ideas-you-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the Intellectual Ideas Everybody Should Know?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Most academic concepts have fairly narrow usage. You can draw analogies between fields, but these connections usually rest on you understanding both sides of the metaphor sufficiently well.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the Fresnel equation in physics. With some effort you might be able to draw an analogy between this equation and another domain. But I&#8217;d doubt you could say that understanding the equation led to overflowing insights in history or art.<\/p>\n<p>However, hidden within all the ideas with tenuous crossover implications, there are rare ideas which seem to illuminate far beyond what they were originally designed to explain.<\/p>\n<p>The problem, of course, is that academic subjects are generally pursued in isolation. Each profession learns the paradigms and tools of their trade and only borrows from other schools of thought when those ideas are directly relevant to research. Specialization, not general purpose thinking, is the norm.<\/p>\n<p>With that, I\u2019d like to pose the following question: <strong>what are the intellectual ideas you\u2019ve mastered, which have broad scope in understanding the world?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>My Picks for Powerhouse Ideas<\/h2>\n<p>I\u2019ll kick off the discussion with my picks for ideas which everybody should know.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Evolution and Natural Selection<\/h3>\n<p>This is an idea everyone has an opinion about, but few people really understand. Once understood, however, the analogy is powerful for explaining how complex systems develop and change over time. Languages, businesses, technology, social customs and diets are just a few of the areas which borrow similarities to biological evolution.<\/p>\n<p>Some resources I recommend which show the breadth of the idea:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Selfish-Gene-Anniversary----Introduction\/dp\/0199291152\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=the%20selfish%20gene&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770760&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-1&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Selfish Gene<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Red-Queen-Evolution-Human-Nature\/dp\/0060556579\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=the%20red%20queen&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770727&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-1&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Red Queen<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Language-Instinct-Mind-Creates-P-S\/dp\/0061336467\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=the%20language%20instinct&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770687&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-1&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Language Instinct<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Beautiful-People-Have-More-Daughters\/dp\/0399534539\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=beautiful%20people%20have%20more%20daughters&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770650&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-1&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why Do Beautiful People Have More Daughters?<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>2. Bayes\u2019 Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Bayes\u2019 Rule has been described as the secret of the universe. It is a simple mathematical formula which helps you calculate the probability of an event. On the surface, just a formula you would memorize and apply on an exam and immediately forget. But going deeper, you can see how it may even be the basis of all rational thought.<\/p>\n<p>The best introduction to the rule is Eliezer\u2019s guide: <a href=\"http:\/\/yudkowsky.net\/rational\/bayes\">An Intuitive Explanation of Bayes\u2019 Theorem<\/a>, although the implications of this snippet of mathematics may take you years to unravel.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Economic Efficiency<\/h3>\n<p>In 1776 Adam Smith wrote <em>On the Wealth of Nations<\/em>, which would later become the foundation for modern economic theory. He laid out the basics of how automatic forces guide and improve our material existence.<\/p>\n<p>The idea of efficient markets is a controversial one, if only because there are many instances when the forces Smith recognized can break down. But that doesn\u2019t make the idea any less powerful as an explanatory concept. Just because we rarely see ideal spheres on frictionless planes, doesn\u2019t mean classical mechanics isn\u2019t useful for explaining motion.<\/p>\n<p>Some resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith\/dp\/161382081X\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=on%20the%20wealth%20of%20nations&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770591&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-2&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Wealth of Nations<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/courses\/economics\/14-01-principles-of-microeconomics-fall-2007\/index.htm\">MIT\u2019s Microeconomics Course<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Economics-One-Lesson-Anniversary-Edition\/dp\/0930073193\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;keywords=10%20lessons%20in%20economics&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357765036&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=8-11&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Economics in One Lesson<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\"><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>4. Signalling and Game Theory<\/h3>\n<p>Along with evolutionary psychology, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signalling_%28economics%29\">signalling<\/a> is perhaps the best single theory for explaining human behavior. The basic idea is that we take actions not only for their direct consequences, but to communicate and deceive others who have imperfect information.<\/p>\n<p>Game theory is a useful intro topic since understanding the basics of static and dynamic games, and getting the mathematical intuition behind them, makes it easier to fully see signalling play out in everyday life.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Biases and Heuristics<\/h3>\n<p>The field of biases and heuristics in psychology is a popular one nowadays, with websites like <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/\">LessWrong<\/a> dedicated to the art of human rationality. Even if it is a popular field, that doesn\u2019t downplay its importance. By understanding the errors humans make in reasoning, we can at least understand our frailties, even if we cannot fix them.<\/p>\n<p>As an aside, I considered myself well-versed on this topic before reading Daniel Kahneman\u2019s book, <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman\/dp\/0374275637\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;keywords=thinking%2C%20fast%20and%20slow&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357770847&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=1-1&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thinking, Fast and Slow<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\">, however even I found dozens of new insights, so I strongly recommend reading the book even if you\u2019ve been exposed to this concept previously.<\/p>\n<h3>6. G\u00c3\u00b6del\u2019s Incompleteness Theorem<\/h3>\n<p>I picked this one as a last concept, not because it is universally useful, but because of how profound the result is. Basically, G\u00c3\u00b6del proved logically that there exist true things which can never be proven, or alternatively, that there are truths which can never be known.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re feeling like going down the rabbit\u2019s hole, I suggest this book: <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/G%C3%B6dels-Proof-Ernest-Nagel\/dp\/0814758371\/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;keywords=G%C3%B6del&amp;tag=scottcom-20&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;qid=1357765906&amp;camp=1789&amp;sr=8-2&amp;creative=9325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">G\u00c3\u00b6del&#8217;s Proof<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=scottcom-20&amp;l=ur2&amp;o=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\">.<\/p>\n<h2>Now It\u2019s Your Turn<\/h2>\n<p>I\u2019ve given my shortlist, now I want yours. What\u2019s an intellectual idea that you feel everybody should know? Bonus points for any ideas that are largely removed from pop psych or self-help. Please give your idea, along with why it is so broadly useful, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2013\/01\/09\/ideas-you-should-know\/\">in the comments<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most academic concepts have fairly narrow usage. You can draw analogies between fields, but these connections usually rest on you understanding both sides of the metaphor sufficiently well. Consider the Fresnel equation in physics. With some effort you might be able to draw an analogy between this equation and another domain. But I&#8217;d doubt you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[680,661],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2708","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-nc-productivity","7":"category-reading","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the Intellectual Ideas Everybody Should Know? - Scott H Young<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There are a few ideas that I feel everyone should know when it comes to self-development and mastery. 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