{"id":8733,"date":"2019-03-04T10:00:26","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T18:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/?p=8733"},"modified":"2019-03-01T12:06:16","modified_gmt":"2019-03-01T20:06:16","slug":"learning-and-habits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/2019\/03\/04\/learning-and-habits\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hidden Connection Between Habits and Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Learning and habits seem like to separate facts about our psychology. Learning is about knowledge, information and skills. Habits are about routines, behaviors and actions.<\/p>\n<p>However, I think the two actually work on mostly the same principles of the brain, and recognizing this connection can help you both learn better and form better habits.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learning = Habits<\/h2>\n<p>To see the connection, let\u2019s start by asking what a habit is. A habit is a semi-automatic behavioral response, given a certain set of cues in the environment. In other words, when you say you have a habit you mean something of the form \u201cWhenever X happens, I do Y.\u201d Examples:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I go to the gym every day = \u201cEvery day after work, I go to the gym.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> I don\u2019t eat meat = \u201cWhenever there\u2019s meat in something, I don\u2019t eat it.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> I have a reading habit = \u201cWhenever I have free time, I tend to read (as opposed to something else)\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Informally, habits can be more complicated than a 1:1 association. A regular exercise \u201chabit\u201d may, in fact, be multiple such associations of varying complexity, for instance:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cWhen I plan my day, I always put in exercise.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> \u201cIf the day is nearly over, and I haven\u2019t exercised yet, I exercise.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> \u201cI go after work, except if I have other activities, in which case I go in the morning.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although some habits are actually just a simple cue and response, most are complex, dealing with specific sub-cases and having rules for certain situations that get embedded so they work most of the time. A habit doesn\u2019t need to be 100% coupled to count, either. A voracious reader may not have a habit that says \u201cwhenever X happens, I must read,\u201d but simply a tendency to read more when there\u2019s spare time.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/learning-equals-habits-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/learning-equals-habits-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/learning-equals-habits-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/learning-equals-habits-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/learning-equals-habits.png 1726w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Learning, it turns out, is almost exactly like this. To learn something means you produce some kind of response (mentally or physically) when given a set of cues. Examples:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I know the capital cities of every state = \u201cWhen state X is mentioned, in context of asking for the capital city, I produce the correct city, Y.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> I can speak Chinese = \u201cWhen someone speaks to me in Chinese, I produce an appropriate response.\u201d<\/li>\n<li> I can ski downhill = \u201cWhen I\u2019m falling down on my skis, my body automatically produces the motor actions that will get me to the bottom safely.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This may sound hand-wavey, because these examples are so much more complicated and nuanced than simple habits. But as I mentioned before, habits are also often quite complicated, with varying responses for different situations and sometimes only probabilistically so, rather than a completely automated response to a situation.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conscious Control Versus Automatic Action<\/h2>\n<p>One seeming difference between learning and habits may be that applying what you\u2019ve learned is a more conscious process, whereas a habit is thought to be mostly automatic. <\/p>\n<p>An expert painter, for instance, doesn\u2019t just splatter paint on autopilot. Every stroke is a deliberate effort to achieve a particular result. This deliberateness seems the complete opposite of habits, which are defined by their level of automaticity.<\/p>\n<p>While this seems to be the case, I\u2019m also inclined to believe it\u2019s more a superficial difference than it first appears. Even in simple habits, there\u2019s often a great deal of flexibility about how to execute it. Take something like exercising every day: should you go in the morning or afternoon? Run or lift weights? Push yourself or take it easy? <\/p>\n<p>Of course, a habitual action tends to have a strong default (otherwise it wouldn\u2019t be a habit), but this too is similar to learning. When you encounter a familiar problem, the overriding tendency is to apply the techniques you\u2019ve learned before. To solve a problem in an original way takes effort the same way that breaking out of a habitual groove does.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Neuroscience of Learning and Habits<\/h2>\n<p>There\u2019s a lot we don\u2019t understand yet about both learning and habit-formation in the brain. But a common principle to both seems to be selectively strengthening the connections between neuronal circuits that lead to the desired output, and weakening incorrect or spurious connections.<\/p>\n<p>A habit forms when a sequence of neurons fire forms a strong connection with downstream synapses and thus when the earlier ones fire, the later ones fire with a high probability. Think of this like a river carving a valley into the ground, so the water flowing downhill will be exceedingly likely to follow a certain path.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/long-term-potentiation.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/long-term-potentiation.png 800w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/long-term-potentiation-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scotthyoung.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/long-term-potentiation-768x296.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Learning happens when associations of one long-term memory become tightly coupled with another. This can be as simple as a cue-response: \u201cQ: What is the capital of France? A: Paris.\u201d or it can be as complicated as solving a differential equation by having the forms of the differential equation automatically flow to the mental actions that begin to solve it.<\/p>\n<p>While there is likely quite a bit of nuance in each of these broad categories, my suspicion is that they overlap considerably, rather than being largely separate domains. Some forms of learning are encoded as motor sequences (such as learning to drive a car), some habits are encoded as associations between higher-level abstractions (such as remembering to write down to-do items when actions are discussed in an office meeting).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Use this to Learn Better (and Make Better Habits)<\/h2>\n<p>By seeing learning as similar to habit formation, you can start to view learning not as the process of storing information, but of preparing actions in particular contexts. So learning a language isn\u2019t just storing vocabulary words, but learning to activate certain knowledge, in response to particular situations.<\/p>\n<p>Once you see learning as cue-driven and context-based, as well as something that is trained like a habit (through repetition of the pattern of cue-response), then you\u2019ll be much more likely to practice in a way that will eventually be useful. You\u2019ll be able to spot inefficient learning designs when you recognize that the habit you\u2019re creating isn\u2019t the habit you actually need.<\/p>\n<p>While it is true that you can\u2019t anticipate every detail of a situation, it\u2019s easy to recognize, for instance that a fundamental habit of mind which is useful when speaking a language is being able to think of an idea\/concept and come up with the associate word in the language, but that picking that word out of a wordbox isn\u2019t probably the habit you need (like in apps such as DuoLingo).<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, you can improve your habit-formation by seeing it more like an act of learning. Rather than see your habits as being simple units, you can see that you\u2019re trying to create flexible responses to a whole host of situations, all of which need to be conditioned separately. An exercise habit isn\u2019t just going to the gym every day, but finding the appropriate response for all sorts of varied conditions (the gym is closed, you\u2019re feeling sick, you forgot your running shoes, etc.)<\/p>\n<p>By seeing habits-as-learning, you recognize that what you\u2019re doing is not simply a matter of self-discipline, but also of exploration, experimentation and trying to create patterns of behavior that produce useful responses in situations you can\u2019t quite predict. This takes time and practice, rather than simply being an act of will to execute.<\/p>\n<p>Above all, by seeing the connection between learning and habits, you can see how much of your life is made up of similar patterns. Your thoughts, emotions, relationships and identity also operate on similarly practiced loops of cue and response. See the patterns, and you can start to change them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learning and habits seem like to separate facts about our psychology. Learning is about knowledge, information and skills. Habits are about routines, behaviors and actions. However, I think the two actually work on mostly the same principles of the brain, and recognizing this connection can help you both learn better and form better habits. Learning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[682],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8733","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-nc-learning","7":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Hidden Connection Between Habits and Learning - Scott H Young<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learning something new and making a habit is more closely related than you might think. 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